| singular | plural | pronunciation | used for | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
STORCH a house |
STORCH-O houses |
[ô] | Subject of sentence: X does something. |
| Accusative |
STORCH-ID a house |
STORCH-OID houses |
[ìD] [oiD] | Direct object: Someone verbs X. |
| Genitive |
STORCH-ON of a house |
STORCH-OIN of houses |
[òn] [oin] | Possession: X's, of X, belonging to X. |
| Dative |
CHELVIK-IG for a person |
CHELVIK-OIG for people |
[ìG] [oiG] | Indirect object: to X, for X. |
| Instrumental |
SHLUFF-OONT with a broom |
SHLUFF-OINT with brooms |
[ûnT] [oinT] | Instrument: using X, with X. |
| Comitative |
CHELVIK-OOZ with a person |
CHELVIK-OIZ with people |
[ûZ] [oiZ] | Accompaniment: (along) with X. |
| Allative |
PEGRAM-IZ to a city |
PEGRAM-OIZ to cities |
[ìZ] [oiZ] | Motion towards: to X. |
| Locative |
PEGRAM-IX in a city |
PEGRAM-OIX in cities |
[ìKS] [oiKS] |
Location: in X, at X. X can also be a time. If X is a person: at X's house or place of business. |
| Ablative |
PEGRAM-IF from a city |
PEGRAM-OIF from cities |
[ìF] [oiF] | Motion away from, origin, contrast: from X, than X. |
If a direct object comes after the verb, the accusative ending is optional.
Example:
SHEMIP KEF [SHèMìP KèF]
SHEMIP KEFID [SHèMìp KèFìD]
KEFID SHEMIP [KèFìD SHèMìP]
All three mean "I have a knife", but "KEF SHEMIP" would mean "Hey, knife; I have"!
There are certain suffixes that may be added to the allative, locative and ablative cases to modify their meanings:
in -ING [ìng]
on top -OOP [ûp]
under -INKLE [ìngKul]
in front -OYIP [oi.ìP]
behind -EK [èK]
Thus, we have the following sets of endings (and note that for locative, the -IX part is optional:
-IZZING into
-IXING, -ING inside of
-IFFING out of
-IZOOP onto
-IXOOP, -OOP on top of
-IFOOP off of
-IZINKLE under (motion)
-IXINKLE, -INKLE under (static)
-IFINKLE out from under
-IZOYIP in front of (motion)
-IXOYIP, -OYIP in front of (static)
-IFOYIP from in front of
-IZZEK behind (motion)
-IXEK, -EK behind (motion)
-IFFEK out from behind
(And of course the plural forms are -OIZING, -OIXING, -OING, -OIFING, etc. The plural form of -OYIP is -OYOIP.)
Short vowels: Nouns that end with short vowels are rare, but there are a few.
à - change à to âLong vowels:
â - no changeR-vowels (ar, er, ir, or, ur) - no change.